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- French Revolution
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- Napoleonic Code 1807 (into effect 1804)- the new codes gave the country a single set of
laws, limited liberty, took away some of womens rights, they apply to all French citizens
- Educational Reform/ University of France (1806)- This education reform was a direct
result of the French Revolution. It established together, in on "body," the
faculties of law, medicine, and science.
- Napoleonic Wars (1805-1815)-
- War of the Third Coalition (1805-1807)- In 1805- The Battle of Ulm- the French army
caught 50,000 Australians in a deadly trap & forced them to surrender. In The Battle
of Austerlitz-Nepoleon commanded 73,000 French troops, he smashed an army of 87,000
Russians and Austrailians, took 20,000 prisoners, left 15,000 enemy dead & forced the
Austrailian emperor to make peace. In 1806- The Battle of Jena- Napoleon and his troops
won another victory at Jena wounding or killing 27,000 and taking 18,000prisoners.
- British Naval Victory at Trafalgar- took place in1805 off the southern coast of Spain
with 27 ships, Nelson attacked a 33 ship French fleet. Nelson was struck in the back by a
French shell as he was dying he heard the welcome news of British victory. The destruction
of the French fleet forced Napoleon to give up his plan to invade Britain.
- French Victories on Land- the war in America in which France & its Indian allies
opposed England 1754-60 ended by a Treaty of Paris in 1763.
- Treaty of Pressburg - Francis II, signed at Pressburg. Austria ceded Venetia, Istria
& Dalatia to Napoleon's Kingdom of Italy.
- Napoleon creates the Confederation of the Rhine and abolishes the
Holy Roman Empire (1806)
- Describe what it did.- This Confederation of the Rhine dissolved the state of Bayaria
& wurttenburg, eliminating any connection between them and the Holy Roman Empire.
- Treaties of Tilsit- the peace Tilsit, the Czar agreed to allow France to dominat Europe
as far east as Poland. In return Napoleon gave Alexander a free hand to attack the Ottoman
empire.
- Tsar Alexander I (1801-1825)- He was emperor of Russia. He abolished many barbaric &
cruel forms of punishment, & introduced a more orderly administration of government by
the creation of eight ministries.
- King Frederick William III (1797-1840)- ruler of Prussia
- Napoleon's brothers Kings - They counselded during his reign and later became kings
themselves.
- Joseph (1768-1844)- In 1808, Napoleon planned to make his brother king of Spain. This
move outraged the national
- Louis (1778-1846)- Napoleon's nephew. In 1848 Louis was elected as President he broke
the oath. In December 1851, he dissolved the French parliament & declared himself sole
ruler of France. He took the title Emperor Napoleon III.
- Jerome(1784-1860)- He was Napoleon's youngest brother. He served with the French navy.
he eventually became Marshall of France and President of the Senate.
- Napoleon establishes the continental system (1806)
- Describe what it did.- it was suppose to make Europe more self-sufficient. He wanted to
destroy commercial & industrial econmoy. Smugglers managed to bring in cargo
from Britain. Britain trade was weakened not destroyed. This system hurt Napoleon more
than his enemies. It weakened the economies of France, Germany & other lands under
Napoleon.
- Berlin Decree of 1806- This decree issued in Berlin by Napoleon I on Nov. 21 in answer
to the British blockade. Claiming that British blockade of purely commercial ports was
contrary to international law, Napoleon retailed by declaring the British Isles under
blockade & forbidding any trade to or from them. It initiated the Continental System.
- Milan Decree 1807- this was issued by Napoleon I of France in attempt to enforce the
continental system. It was to strengthen the Berlin Decree, authorized French warships
& privateers to capture neutral vessels sailing from any British port or from
countries occupied by British armies.
- The Peninsular War- Napoleon lost about 300,000 men during this. These losses fatally
weakened the French Empire
- Sir Arthur Wellesley (1769-1852)-
- Conflict on Other Fronts(1808-1810)
- Austria-
- Battle of Wagram (July 1809)- Napoleon I gained one of his most brillant victories here.
There were more than 700,000 casualities resulted from the battle. Six days later, Austria
was forced to conclude on armistice.
- Treaty of Schonbrunn (Oct. 1809)-
- Plans to restore the French Empire in America (1803)-
- Louisiana territory (1803)- April 30,1803 was signed several days later. There was
objections from Federalists, especially in New England. It extended from the Mississippi
River to the Rocky Mts. & from the Gulf of Mexico to British North American. The final
boundaries of the territory weren't settled for many years, since the 1803 treaty didn't
set limits of the region.
- War of 1812
- Describe the happenings of the War - American shippers took advantage of the hostilities
in Europe to absorb the carrying trade between Europe & the French & Spanish
islands in the West Indies. By breaking the passage with a stop in a U.S. port, they
evaded seizure under the British rule of 1756, which forbade the neutrals in wartime trade
that was not allowed in peacetime.
- Napoleon fights his unsuccessful Russian campaign (1812)
- Invasion of Russia-
- Prince Mikhail Barclay de Tollay (1761-1818)- Russian field Marshall, of Scotish
descent. Gained prominence in the Napoleonic Wars, became minister of war in 1810, &
command the Russian force against Napoleon in 1812. After Kutuzov's death (1813) he again
commanded the Russian forces.
- Marshal Mikhail Kutuzov- 1745-1813- Russian field Marshall. He took part (1805) in the
battle of Austerlitz, which was fought against his advice. !811-12 he again took command
against the Ottamans & defeated them in a brillant campaign. In 1812, he replaced
Barclay de Tolly as a commander in chief against the invading armies of Napoleon I.
- Battle of Borodino- On Sept. 7,1812 a battle of Napoleon's Grand Armee & Gen. Mikail
Kutuzov. Russian's forces defending Moscow. The battle cost some 108,000 casualities.
Napoleon entered Moscow on Sept. 14 after severely battering but not totally defeating the
Russians.
- Grand Army entered Moscow- Napoleon entered Moscow on Sept. 14- he found the city in
flames. Alexander destroyed Moscow rather than surrender it to the French. By Oct. it was
to late to advance farther & to late even to retreat. Napoleon ordered his straving
army to turn back . Many soldiers died from wounds, exhaustion, hunger and cold.
- French Retreat (Oct 19, 1812)- Napoleon strayed in the ruined city for 5 weeks,
expecting the -czar- to make a peace offer, but that offer nver came. By then, it was the
middle of Oct., too late to advance farther and perhaps too late even to retreat.
- Russia, Prussia, and Austria defeat Napoleon in the Battle of
Nations (1813)
- Battle of the Nations- Napoleon had only 10,000 soldiers who were fit to fight. Russia,
Prussia, Austria, Britain & Sweden joined forces against Napoleon in the Grand
Alliance. Napoleon lost the Battle of Nations. His army was thrashed.
- Napoleon abdicates and goes into exile on the island of Elba (1814)
- Describe Napoleon's exile.- In April 1814, the defeat- emperor gave up his throne &
accepted the terms of surrender drawn up by Alexander I. The victors gave Napoleon a small
pension & exiled, or banished, him to Elba. They figured he would cause no more
trouble but they were wrong. He had one more battle the Battle of Waterloo.
- Louis XVIII (1814-1824)-
- Napoleon returns to power, beginning the Hundred Days (1815)
- Describe the 100 Days-
- Napoleon is defeated at Waterloo (1815)
- Describe the Battle of Waterloo.-
- Duke of Wellington-
- Gebhard Von Blucher (1742-1819)-
- Napoleon dies on Saint Helena (1821)
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